Abstract: Education has become more international and in this millennium, governments have laid emphasis on internationalization of higher education through international co-operation and exchange. In Kenya, institutions and universities have developed their own strategies to internalize their research, teaching and service. The process of globalization renews roles and responsibilities of universities following the rapid expansion of various programmes offered at the Kenyan universities due to increase in student enrollment and opening of new campuses. It follows that Universities are operating in an economic challenging environment which demands excellence in all services being offered. This paper seeks to answer the following questions: What are the prospects of internationalization of Kenyan universities? What are the strategies for internalization of Kenyan universities? What are the challenges facing internationalization of Kenyan Universities? In this study, full systematic review technique involving the use of precise methods to gather information and access results of research publication was used. The study concludes that implementation components of strategic plans and feedback mechanism are vital for improvement in presence, impact, openness and excellence in practice globally. The study recommends that adoption of pro – active approach through internship programs, research, innovation and creativity are necessary for improving internalization of Kenyan universities.

Abstract: This study aims to assess the contribution of internationalization to the economic growth of hotel industry of Rwanda with a case study of Park Inn by Radisson Kigali. The study was guided by the following objectives: To determine the factors influencing international trade, to determine the impact of internationalization to the commercialization, to identify the challenges faced by internationalization and to suggest the possible solutions to the challenges faced by internationalization in Park Inn by Radisson Kigali. The questionnaires were distributed to 110 sampled employees during data collection. Data was organized, coded and entered into SPSS Software for cleaning and analysis. The study established the following findings: the major factor influencing internationalization is profit maximization at 52%. 47% responded customer needs change as a major challenge that is mostly faced in internationalization. The study revealed different solutions to overcome the internationalization challenges. The contribution of international trade to the commercialization is financial performance with 39.4% of the respondents. The study concludes that internationalization stimulates business travel and contributes to networking at the individual, business, and at national levels. It is recommended that the hotel industry trains the employees to satisfy customers according to their needs in order to enhance different products through employee innovation, the government should continue to improve infrastructure for facilitating the internationalization businesses.

Received July 27, 2020; Revised August 21, 2020; Accepted August 23, 2020

Abstract: Internalisation of higher education has become the trend in higher education yet not many studies have focused on the risks and challenges that may arise from the phenomenon. This paper points out some of these challenges in general and highlights the concerns and risks that may arise from attempts to take education beyond an institution’s national boarders by examining and analysing literature from different schools of thought. The study adopts Raymond Vernon’s theory of International Product Life Cycle in an attempt to highlight the risks and challenges that lie beneath the process of internationalisation of higher education. From the analysis, the main concerns include: maintaining/enhancing quality of programmes, commercialisation of institutions/programmes, rise in low-quality or rogue education providers; domestic employers and institutions’ reluctance to recognise foreign qualifications, inability to meet domestic higher education objectives, overuse of English language, financial constraints, ethical, religious and political aspects of the host countries, attitude of staff, lack of institutional preparedness and the challenge of attaining an international curriculum. Recommendations are thereafter given to help minimise the risks and enhance the process of internationalisation. This paper presents the risks and challenges in general, even though the severity of the risks and challenges may vary greatly depending on the economic, political and socio-cultural status of the countries and the stakeholders involved.