Received October 28, 2020; Revised November 15, 2020; Accepted November 15, 2020

Abstract. A university is a center of knowledge creation, and industry can be a vibrant place for innovation. This paper examines the key factors influencing university-industry collaboration (UIC) innovation catalysts in Sri Lanka. The study employed a systematic procedure based on the Grounded Theory to investigate the factors contributing to the success of UICs, and attributes for innovation capacities. The investigation was guided by the research question: what factors of UICs influence ICT innovations in Sri Lanka? A total of 41 research papers was selected from Science Direct, Scopus, and Ebscohost based on the availability of full text, and their relevance for the research question. The results of the study revealed that management directives, financial support, policies, proximity dimension, and heterogeneity are key factors for a successful UIC.

Received April 26, 2020; Revised September 5, 2020; Accepted October 6, 2020

Abstract: Over enrolment and inadequate resources in Public Technical Universities in Kenya contribute to low quality education devoid of research and innovation and incapable of driving the National Development Agenda. Consequently, does Performance Contract Target Setting stimulate innovation in Public Technical Universities? The study sought to establish the efficacy of Performance Contract Target Setting in stimulating innovations. The study utilised the Goal Setting theory advanced by Locke and Latham (2018). The study employed the Explanatory Survey research design. The study was carried out in Technical Universities in Kenya. From a population of 15104, a sample of 377 was obtained using the Morgan Krejcie formulae. Data was collected by the use of questionnaire. Content validity of the instrument was ensured by expert judgement. Reliability of study instruments was ascertained by Cronbach alpha. Analysis of qualitative data was done by use of content analysis based on identifiable themes while Quantitative data was analysed by use of Simple regression. Analysed data was presented in tables and figures in line with study objective. The findings revealed that Performance Contract target setting accounted for 65% innovation in Public Technical Universities. The study concludes that Performance Contract Target Setting has a positive influence on innovations in Public Technical Universities. It is recommended that Performance Contract Target Setting should specifically include innovation and be strengthened as a tool for management to increase efficiency and stimulate innovations in Public Technical Universities.

Received March 5, 2018; Revised March 25, 2018; Accepted March 30, 2018

Abstract: This study sought to examine the broadening of and innovative marketing of tourism products by making an analysis of the Batwa trail in Mgahinga gorilla national park in Western Uganda, using quantitative and qualitative techniques. The study established that tourism industry in Uganda experiences a stagnant growth given the fact that most tourists get bored with the existing products. The trail has a variety of products like caves, forest walk, and hiking experience. However, it experiences little acceptance levels as less is known about it by international visitors. Secondly, no promotional plan was used for the Batwa trail which meant limited number of potential tourists would know about its existence. The currently used traditional methods like trade exhibitions can yield minimal results. The use of social media like Facebook, Instagram, Watsap, Pinrest and google adverts were seen to be the modern effective promotional tool for the trail. The study recommended constant promotion of the Batwa trail in travel magazines, social media and fairs to achieve appeal and acceptance by both domestic and international visitors.