Abstract: The Black Coffee Twig Borer (BCTB) (Xylosandrus compactus) is a significant pest affecting coffee and cocoa in Uganda, exacerbated by bio-ecological factors and inadequate field and crop management. Its presence threatens coffee and cocoa production, necessitating comprehensive, sustainable mitigation efforts. This study, conducted in Bundibugyo District, aimed to assess BCTB incidence in selected host crops, evaluate farmer awareness of ecofriendly management practices, and
determine the effectiveness of these practices. A non-experimental, cross-sectional research design was used, involving 92 farmers from five randomly selected sub-counties. Data collection included questionnaires and observation checklists. The study revealed that all respondents had been affected by BCTB, with varying incidence rates: 29% reported 0.13–5 cases, while others reported higher incidences, up to 52 and above. Additionally, 81% of farmers were aware of ecofriendly practices, though 28% did not know how BCTB reached their farms. Farmers identified wind, birds, and human activity as contributors to pest spread. Ecofriendly management practices were reported effective by 72% of respondents. The study concluded that BCTB has significantly impacted farmers, reducing soil fertility and coffee quality. It recommended adopting modern, ecofriendly methods for pest and soil management to boost yields and reduce pest incidence. Further, the government, through agricultural agencies, should provide tools, equipment, and sensitization programs to support farmers in managing BCTB, given the importance of coffee and cocoa as major export earners for Uganda.