Abstract: Climate change has disrupted the global economy albeit concerted efforts by world environmental concerns to manage the negative effects. Climate change management campaigns on both experimental and intervention scales are being realized in the developed nations as well as Africa and Kenya. African countries have always faced difficulties in implementing global strategies and climate change management campaigns are such strategies that remain largely difficult to implement more so in East Africa and Kenya. Specifically, the study set to explore the enablers of climate change management, evaluate the barriers to implementing the strategies, and examine the afforestation measures taken by Kenya in improving the implementation of climate change management strategies. The study methodology utilized a systematic analysis of peer-reviewed articles, PRISMASCR with a synthesis of both qualitative and quantitative presentations through a scoping review covering the years 2019 to 2022 which falls within the Sendai Framework 2015-2030. Climate change management strategy implementation successes varied from country to country depending on many factors while differing from urban centres compared to rural areas. Finally, the shortage of environmental specialists and adequate funding to involve local communities in such climate change management strategies contributed to the failure of these strategies. Cooperation amongst East African countries is key to the success of climate change management strategies with increased funding to increase local community involvement. Additionally, strategies to increase forest cover and retain the current forests must involve the local communities from inception to implementation.

Abstract: Despite the great role played by education in creating knowledge, developing skills and attitudes among people, little climate change and mitigation content exists in taught curricula in most developing countries. There has been a lot of discussion surrounding education and climate change in schools. This comprehensive corpus study used Content Analysis technique to assess the extent to which Africa has taken up the inclusion and or integration of climate change in its curricular. The researchers used this corpus study as a comparative assessment of how countries in East Africa, West Africa, Central Africa and Southern Africa have included climate change in their curricular and the efforts these regions have done to adopt strategies and policies in their education systems. The study found out that climate change is an emerging challenge for most African countries, education is a key player in awareness and mitigation of climate change in developing countries of Arica, secondary schools in developing African countries have climate change integration in their curricular at very minimum levels and that the greatest challenges the countries face are those of funding and teacher empowerment and efficacy in the area of climate change. It is recommended that African countries integrate climate change across their curricular as a way of bringing awareness and mitigating its impact on the planet.

Abstract: School curriculum plays a crucial role in equipping citizens with knowledge and skills needed to make day to day decisions. In Tanzania, secondary school biology curriculum considered biology literacy as one of the important components on students’ learning. In this regard, this study explored the biology curriculum, specifically the component related to climate change and its role in equipping young people with knowledge and skills useful for making day to day decisions. This paper mainly employed qualitative data collection tools and also quantitative data collection tool was used. A total of 322 students responded to the questionnaire, 162 respondents were located in urban area and 160 respondents were based in rural area. Then, the total of eight student focus group discussions were involved. In addition, thirteen teachers from secondary schools were interviewed, eight were biology subject teachers and five school club teachers. Purposive sample included eight schools in total, four of these schools were located in urban area and other four in rural area. The findings indicate that most of participants need to be more aware of the effects of climate change on human health, however, little consideration was taken into biology curriculum to teach the concept for socio-economic development. Therefore, this paper recommends the biology curriculum developers in Tanzania to put much consideration to incorporate the aspect of climate change for facilitating development of skills and knowledge of sustainable development among Tanzanians.

Received September 11, 2020; Revised September 29, 2020; Accepted September 30, 2020

Abstract: Climate change effects resulting from extreme weather events are diverse and do tremendously affect the physical environment and human health across the globe. Vulnerable rural livelihoods are the most affected. These vulnerable livelihoods are both the gender-men and women. However, the extent to which gender are affected is not well documented in the literature of developing countries. In this study, we investigated the effects of climate change on women’s health in Mahama Sector, Kirehe District, Rwanda. Three research questions guided the study: (1) What type of climate changes are in mahama sector? (2)What are their effects on women’s health compared to men? (3) What can be done to alleviate their effects? The study employed phenomenological and case study designs to collect and analyse data from 3 FDGs and 5 individual cases. 35 respondents participated in the study. Qualitative methods of coding, and categorizing data, was used in the development of themes. Findings indicated that the climate changes that prevailed in mahama sector were- prolonged droughts, destructive rains, destructive winds, and irregular rains. Their effects on women’s health included hunger, poor health, lack of sex appetite, men’s migration, children’s school dropout, psychological harm, destruction of houses and crops, teenage pregnancies; family conflict-free living and house privacy exposure. They affected women’s health than men. It was concluded that climate changes have drastic effects on women health. These findings led to the design of a climate change intervention conceptual model.

Received May 17, 2020; Revised August 23, 2020; Accepted August 24, 2020

Abstract: Climate change and variability is associated with increase in uncertainties, more frequent droughts and intense flooding, windstorms and disease outbreaks. These climatic hazards have greatest impact on livelihoods of vulnerable agrarians especially in sub Saharan Africa. The vulnerability of livelihoods to impacts of climate change depends on the extent of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity of the people affected. Dissemination of useful and tailored climate services information to end users need close collaboration between meteorological experts and institutions that are involved in rural activities and work with farmers at grass roots in regard to support. Very little is however known in the existing literature on how the climate and weather information are co-produced. In this study, we aimed at examining the types of innovative approaches used to co-produce and disseminate coproduced climate services; the types of co-produced services (information) provided; and the decisions made on the co-produced climate services (information) by the end users, and the communication channels used to disseminate the climate services. Using descriptive survey design, we collected data on 2102 local farmers across the country using phone survey/interviewing. Data was analysed using VIAMO Platform. Results indicated different innovative approaches employed to enhance production, dissemination, and feed-back of climate and weather information, various communication approaches and decisions/feedback provided by farmers. We recommended that these innovative approaches be strengthened, empowered and expanded to all local farmers in Rwanda.

Received June 19, 2020; Revised July 5, 2020; Accepted July 9, 2020

Abstract: Surface run-offs continue to flow away from crop fields into wetlands, rivers and lakes. The paper examines the contribution of run-off water harvesting to food production including; identifying the techniques farmers use to harvest run-offs, assessing the benefits of harvested run-offs to farmers and investigating the limitations to harvest and use of run-offs by farmers in Kyannamukaaka Sub-County, Uganda. The paper employs a cross-sectional survey design, targeting 130 people from whom 98 respondents were selected. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews and observations, and analyzed using SPSS. Results indicate tarpaulin (94.9%), contours (99%), mulching (96.9%) and
in-field water harvesting (92.9%) as run-off harvesting techniques. Provision of water for irrigation (96.9%) and domestic animals (99%), increased food production (100%) and animal productivity (91.8%), and incomes (87.9%) are the benefits of run-offs. Finally, inadequate incomes (94.9%) and experts in sewing (94.9%), increased costs of input/material (90.8%), and inadequate government support (99%) were the limitations to run-off harvesting. The paper concludes that, farmers must harvest run-offs for sustainable agricultural production. The paper recommends that
Kyannamukaaka Sub County should create awareness, sensitization and build capacity of farmers in runoff water harvesting and sewing polythene-line technology, and government should support the farmers through subsidies on runoff water materials.

Received January 31, 2019; Revised August 4, 2019; Accepted August 18, 2019

Abstract: This study assessed the implications of climate change in northern areas of Lake Victoria Basin around Jinja. It was conducted following unsteady temperature and rainfall patterns with unexplained effects and thus no appropriate responses. Issues of concern wee; to identify factors behind the changes in temperature and patterns of rainfall, to establish implications of the changes in temperature and rainfall patterns on communities, to establish land use patterns that can help to harmonize observed changes in temperature and rainfall patterns and to suggest measures that can be adopted to respond to the effect of changes in temperature and rainfall patterns. A cross sectional survey design was adopted for this study with the aim of collecting data from a sample of 346 respondents using questionnaires in three months. Data was entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and results generated automatically. It was established that changes in temperature and patterns of rainfall was largely natural and man’s activity mainly burning of fossil fuels in agricultural areas. Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns are associated with drought and floods which result in loss of life and influence growth of crops. The communities around Lake Victoria basin who are victims of changes in temperature and rainfall patterns are advised to plant more trees, desist from depositing industrial waste in water and to seek more information about climate change and the associated impacts. It was therefore recommended that communication be made on a wide scale to inform communities about the effect of climate change to minimize the effects, there is need for investing in new infrastructure, or radically upgrading existing highways and transmission lines, would help cut greenhouse gas emissions and drive economic growth in developing countries. Finally but not the least, community should be sensitized against cutting down trees and balancing the amount of wood taken out with the amount of new trees grown.

Received March 5, 2018; Revised April 6, 2018; Accepted April 12, 2018

Abstract: Agriculture is the mainstay of many economies in the developing world. The sector, however, is facing a myriad of challenges, most notably, climate change and its associated risks. Unreliable and unpredictable rainfall patterns have continuously decimated agricultural productivity and overall household welfare. Therefore, many households are increasingly diversifying into the non-farm sector to supplement their agricultural income and thus adapt to climate change. With projections pointing to more frequent and severe climate change conditions, there is urgent need to develop and/or strengthen existing adaptation mechanisms. To this end, the current study focused on non-farm activities and climate change adaptation in Kathonzweni sub-county, an ASAL region in Kenya. Specifically, the study assessed the nature, characteristics and significance of non-farm activities pursued by farmers in the study area in an effort to circumvent the effects of climate change. A descriptive survey design was employed while multistage sampling was used to determine the sample size of 313 from a population of 41878 households. Data collection was effected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Based on the study findings, nonfarm activities play an important role in household adaptability to climate change impacts. A Pearson correlation between various income and total household income established a strong positive correlation for non-farm income (r=0.873, p=0.000), a moderately positive correlation for farm income (r=0.474, p=0.00) and a weak positive correlation for ‘other’ sources of income (r=0.171, p=0.024). The study recommends increased government efforts in capacity building of rural populations as well as in the establishment of sustainable non-farm enterprises