Parent-Child Conflicts, Punitive Measures and Self Esteem in Eastern Kenya: Implications for Academics

Lazarus Ndiku Makewa Professor of Educational Communication and Technology, University of Eastern Africa, Baraton, Kenya ndikul@gmail.com

Baraka Manjale Ngussa Lecturers, School of Education, University of Arusha, Tanzania ngussathe5th@yahoo.com

Introduction Self-esteem is viewed as one of influential factors which can affect student’s personal development (Igomu & Muyange, 2013), thus becoming an important variable that can affect the rate of learning. This scenario raised researchers’ investigation on correlates of self esteem in academics point of view in different countries. In Nigeria, the study of Denwigwe and Akpama (2013) investigated on Sex Differences in Academic Self –Esteem of Secondary School Students in Abuja Metropolis of Nigeria and yielded no significant difference in academic self-esteem levels between males and females. In Jordan, the study of Alsaraireh (2013) on prediction of emotional intelligence, self esteem and academic achievement in Elementary Schools, selfesteem had a significant prediction, low self-esteem predicting more engagement in bullying activities.