Measures to Combat Challenges Faced by School Administration in Protecting Vulnerable School Children in Public Secondary Schools in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania

Felix Goldman
Education Department
Tumaini University Makumira
Email: goldmanfelix0@gmail.com

Abstract: This study explored measures to address the challenges faced by school administrations in protecting vulnerable children in public secondary schools in the Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. It was guided by two research questions: What challenges do school administrations face in protecting vulnerable school children in public secondary schools in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania? And what measures can combat the identified challenges? The study was framed by Bertalanffy’s (1968) systems theory, which focuses on the structures, functions, and processes involved in child protection. A qualitative case study approach was used, involving 427 participants from 28 secondary schools across six districts. The sample consisted of students, teachers, discipline masters/mistresses, headmasters/ mistresses, and district education officers, selected through stratified and purposive sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires and in-depth interviews, which were analyzed through coding and contextual interpretation. The findings revealed that financial constraints, poor parental cooperation, student indiscipline, and limited awareness were significant barriers to effective child protection. Additional challenges included disruptions in services due to funding cuts, a lack of student awareness about protective measures, and insufficient teacher training on child protection. To address these challenges, the study recommended organizing training sessions, seminars, and forums for teachers, increasing parental involvement through home visits, and enhancing financial support from stakeholders. Other strategies included motivating teachers, conducting more research, strengthening guidance and counseling, and raising student awareness. While some challenges may persist, the study concluded by urging the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology to implement and enforce the proposed measures to effectively protect vulnerable children in secondary schools.