Challenges of Transitioning from Education to Self- Employment: A Study of TVET Graduates in Transportation and Leather Processing Programmes in Tanzania

Ramadhani Issa Ramadhani & Victor Ngaai Suyaan
Department of Applied Sciences and Social Studies, Arusha Technical College
Email: ramamikina@gmail.com/ ngaaivictor@gmail.com

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the duration of job searches and the challenges encountered by self-employed Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) graduates in the transport and leather processing sectors in Tanzania. The study was conducted using tracer study reports of the National Institute of Transport (NIT) and the Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology (DIT) Mwanza Campus, focusing on TVET graduates of the academic years 2020/2021, 2021/2022, and 2022/2023. A documentary review methodology was employed. The target population of the study was TVET graduates in transport and leather processing programmes. The sample comprised graduates who provided comprehensive information regarding their job search duration and the challenges associated with self-employment. Quantitative data analysis was employed to discern trends and patterns. The key findings revealed that graduates from the DIT Mwanza Campus experienced notable improvements in employment outcomes, with 84.8% securing employment within six months during the 2022/2023 academic year. Conversely, NIT graduates encountered extended job search periods, with 39.4% taking over 12 months to secure employment. Concerning self-employment, graduates from DIT Mwanza Campus primarily faced challenges related to funding, while NIT graduates contended with inadequate marketing conditions and a deficiency in entrepreneurial skills. The study recommends the integration of comprehensive business education and entrepreneurship courses within TVET curricula to equip graduates with essential competencies for effective business management. Additionally, it is imperative to establish collaborations with financial institutions to facilitate access to grants and loans, alongside creating market access programs, to enhance employment outcomes for self-employed TVET graduates.